Us Model 1928 Thompson Submachinegun Airsoft Drummag Doesnt Work

Us Model 1928 Thompson Submachinegun Airsoft Drummag Doesnt Work

American submachine gun

Submachine gun

Thompson Submachine Gun, Caliber .45
Model 1921 Thompson with vertical foregrip and 100 circular Type "C" pulsate mag
Type	Submachine gun
Identify of origin	United States
Service history
In service	1938–1971 (officially, U.Due south. military) 1921–present (other countries)
Used by	See Users
Wars	Chaco War Banana Wars[1] Irish Civil War[2] Castellammarese War Globe State of war Two[3] Indonesian National Revolution Chinese Civil War[4] First Indochina State of war[v] Greek Civil War[half dozen] Indo-Pakistani State of war of 1947 1948 Arab–Israeli War[7] Malayan Emergency[8] Korean War[iii] Algerian State of war Vietnam War[three] Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation The Troubles[9] Turkish invasion of Cyprus Yugoslav Wars[10] Iraq War[eleven] and numerous others
Production history
Designer	John T. Thompson
Designed	1917–1920
Manufacturer	Car-Ordnance Company (originally) The Birmingham Small Artillery Visitor Express Filly Cruel Artillery RPB Industries
Produced	1921–1945
No. built	Approximately i.75 million of all variants,[12] including: 562,511 M1928A1 285,480 M1 539,143 M1A1
Variants	Meet Variants section
Specifications
Mass	x.8 lb (4.ix kg) empty (Thompson M1928A1)[13] x lb (four.5 kg) empty (Thompson M1A1) [14]
Length	33.7 in (860 mm) (M1928A1 with compensator)[13] 31.nine in (810 mm) (M1/M1A1)[14]
Barrel length	10.52 in (267 mm)[xiii] 12 in (300 mm) (with Cutts compensator)
Cartridge	.45 ACP (11.43×23mm) 10mm Auto (Limited quantity of FBI conversions)[15]
Action	Blowback, Blish Lock
Rate of burn	approx. 700–800rpm (M1928),[xiii] approx. 600-700rpm (M1A1),[xiv] approx.900 rpm (M1921) approx. 1500 rpm (Annihilator)
Muzzle velocity	935 ft/s (285 g/s)
Effective firing range	164 yds (150 m[16])
Feed system	xx-round stick/box mag 0.4 lb (0.2 kg) unloaded[13] xxx-round stick/box mag 0.5 lb (0.2 kg) unloaded[13] fifty-round drum magazine two.6 lb (i.2 kg) unloaded[thirteen] 100-round pulsate magazine (M1 and M1A1 models do not take pulsate magazines)

The Thompson submachine gun (also known as the "Tommy Gun", "Chicago Typewriter", "Chicago Piano", or "Trench Broom") is a blowback-operated, air-cooled, mag-fed selective-fire submachine gun, invented past the United States Army Brigadier general John T. Thompson in 1918. It was originally designed to break the stalemate of trench warfare of World State of war I, but was non finished until after the war concluded.

The Thompson saw early on use by the United states Marine Corps during the Banana Wars,^[17] the United States Postal Inspection Service, the Irish gaelic Republican Regular army, the Commonwealth of China, and the FBI (following the Kansas City Massacre).

The Thompson became notorious during the Prohibition era, used as a signature weapon of diverse organized offense syndicates in the The states in the 1920s. Information technology was a common sight in the media at the fourth dimension, and was used past both law enforcement officers and criminals.^[18]

The Thompson was widely adopted by the U.S. military during World War Two, and was used extensively by the Allied troops during the state of war. Information technology was designated as the M1928A1, M1 and M1A1 during this time. More than 1.5 million military machine Thompson submachine guns were produced during World War II.^[19]

It is the first weapon to exist labeled and marketed as a "submachine gun".^[twenty]

The original fully automated Thompsons are no longer produced. Numerous semi-automatic noncombatant versions are nonetheless being produced by the manufacturer Automobile-Ordnance. These models retain a like appearance to the original, but have various modifications in lodge to comply with Us firearm laws.

History and service [edit]

Brigadier general John T. Thompson holding an M1921

Evolution [edit]

Brigadier general John T. Thompson was the original developer of the Thompson submachine gun, who spent almost of his career in the ordnance department of the U.S. Army. He envisioned it as existence a fully automatic rifle in gild to supercede the bolt-activity service rifles then in use (such as the American M1903 Springfield).

Brigadier full general Thompson came across a patent issued to the American inventor John Bell Blish in 1915, while searching for a way to allow his weapon to operate safely without the complexity of a recoil or gas-operated reloading mechanism. Blish's pattern (then known equally the Blish Lock) was based on the supposed adhesion of inclined metal surfaces nether force per unit area.^[21] Thompson gained financial bankroll from the businessman Thomas F. Ryan and proceeded to establish a visitor, which he named the Auto-Ordnance Company, in 1916, for the purpose of developing his new "auto rifle".

The Thompson was primarily developed in Cleveland, Ohio.^[22] Its main designers were Theodore H. Eickhoff, Oscar V. Payne, and George Due east. Goll. By tardily 1917, the limits of the Blish Lock were discovered (which is essentially an farthermost manifestation of static friction), and, rather than the firearm working equally a locked breech, the weapon was instead designed to function as a friction-delayed blowback action. It was institute that the just cartridge currently in service suitable for use with the new lock was the .45 ACP. Full general Thompson envisioned a "one-human, hand-held car gun" chambered in .45 ACP to exist used equally a "trench broom" for the ongoing trench warfare of World War I. Oscar V. Payne designed the new firearm along with its stick and drum magazines. The project was titled "Annihilator I". Most of the design problems had been resolved by 1918; however, the war ended two days earlier prototypes could be shipped to Europe.^[23]

At an Car-Ordnance board meeting in 1919, in order to discuss the marketing of the "Annihilator", with the war at present over the weapon was officially renamed the "Thompson Submachine Gun". While other weapons had been adult shortly prior with similar objectives in heed, the Thompson was the first weapon to be labeled and marketed every bit a "submachine gun".^[20] Thompson intended for the weapon to provide a loftier book of automatic, homo-portable burn down for use in trench warfare—a function for which the Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) had been determined ill-suited.^[24] The concept had already been developed by German language troops using their own Bergmann MP 18 (the world's first submachine gun) in concert with their Sturmtruppen tactics.^[25]

Early employ [edit]

The commencement Thompson entered product as the M1921. It was bachelor to civilians, but, because of the weapon'southward high price, initially saw poor sales. The Thompson (with one Type 20 20 round "stick" mag) had been priced at $200 in 1921 (roughly equivalent to $two,902 in 2020).

M1921 Thompsons were sold in pocket-sized numbers to the United States Postal Inspection Service^[26] so they could protect the post from a spate of robberies.^[27] It was also sold to the United states of america Marine Corps, who used their Thompsons in the Assistant Wars.^[28] Thompsons had also been widely used throughout Red china, where several Chinese warlords and their military machine factions running various parts of the fragmented country fabricated purchases of the weapon, and afterwards produced many local copies.

The Thompson saw popularity as a bespeak-defence weapon for countering ambushes by Nicaraguan guerrillas (in the Banana Wars) and led to the cosmos of four-human fire teams which had equally much firepower as a ix-man burglarize squad. Federal sales were and then followed by sales to police force departments in the U.s., besides as to various international armies and constabulary forces; chiefly in Central and South America.^[27]

The major initial complaints apropos the Thompson were its cumbersome weight, its inaccuracy at ranges over 50 yards (46 m), and its lack of penetrating power using the .45 ACP cartridge.^[29]

Some of the first batches of Thompsons were bought (in America) by agents of the Irish Democracy (notably the Irish politician Harry Boland). The kickoff test of the Thompson in Ireland was performed past Irish Republican Regular army unit of measurement commander Tom Barry, of the West Cork Brigade, in the presence of IRA leader Michael Collins.^[30] They purchased a total of 653 units, though US customs authorities in New York seized 495 of the units in June 1921. The residue establish their way to the Irish gaelic Republican Army past way of Liverpool, England, and were used in the last calendar month of the Irish gaelic War of Independence (1919–21).^[31] Later a truce with the British in July 1921, the Irish Republican Ground forces imported more units, which were used in the subsequent Irish Civil War (1922–23). The Thompson was not found to exist very constructive in Ireland; having caused serious casualties in 32 per centum of the action in which it was used.^[2]

The Thompson achieved early on notoriety in the hands of Prohibition and Great Depression-era gangsters and the lawmen who pursued them. It was likewise depicted in Hollywood films during this era, nigh notably regarding the St Valentine's Day Massacre. The Thompson guns used in the massacre are still beingness held by the Berrien County Sheriff's Department.^[32] The Thompson has been referred to by 1 researcher as the "gun that made the twenties roar".^{[33] [34]}

In 1926, the Cutts Compensator (a muzzle brake) was offered as an attachment option for the Thompson. Models with the compensator were cataloged equally No. 21AC, at the original price of $200. The plain Thompson (without the attachment) was designated No. 21A at a reduced toll of $175.^[23]

In 1928, Federal Laboratories took over distribution of the weapon from Thompson's Machine Ordnance Corporation.^[35] The new cost was listed as $225 per weapon (equivalent to $3,391 in 2020), with $5 per fifty-round drum and $3 per 20-round magazine.^[35]

A British soldier equipped with a Thompson M1928 submachine gun (drum mag), Nov 25, 1940

Nationalist Prc acquired a substantial number of Thompson guns for utilize against Japanese state forces. They began producing copies of the Thompson in pocket-sized quantities for utilize by their armies and militias. In the 1930s, Taiyuan Arsenal (a Chinese weapons manufacturer) produced copies of the Thompson for Yan Xishan, then warlord of Shanxi province.

The FBI had also acquired Thompsons in 1933 following the Kansas City Massacre.^[35]

Earth War Two [edit]

The Prime Minister Winston Churchill inspects a 'Tommy gun' while visiting coastal defence force positions near Hartlepool on 31 July 1940

In 1938, the Thompson submachine gun was adopted by the U.Southward. military machine and was used during World State of war Two.

At that place were two military types of Thompson submachine gun:

• The M1928A1, which had provisions for both box and pulsate magazines, utilized the Cutts cage restriction, had cooling fins on the barrel, and employed a delayed blowback action with the charging handle on the acme of the receiver.
• The M1 and M1A1, which had provisions for box magazines merely, did non take cooling fins on the barrel, had a simplified rear sight, and employed a straight blowback activity with the charging handle on the side of the receiver.

Over 1.5 1000000 military Thompson submachine guns were produced during World War 2.^[19]

Magazine developments [edit]

Armed forces users of the M1928A1 units had complaints of the "L" 50-round drum mag. The British Army criticized "the [mag's] excessive weight, [and] the rattling sound they made" and shipped thousands back to the U.Due south. in exchange for xx-round box magazines. The Thompson had to be artsy, bolt retracted, ready to burn down, in lodge to attach the pulsate magazine. The drum magazine likewise attached and detached by sliding sideways, which made magazine changes slow and cumbersome. They also created difficulty when immigration a cartridge malfunction ("jam"). Reloading an empty pulsate with cartridges was a difficult and involved procedure in which the 50 rounds would exist inserted and then the magazine wound up until a minimum of 9 to 11 loud "clicks" were heard earlier seating the magazine into the weapon.

In contrast, the "Xx" twenty-round box magazine was light and compact. Information technology tended not to rattle, and could exist inserted with the bolt safely airtight. The box mag was quickly attached and discrete, and was removed downward, making clearing jams easier. The box magazine tripped the bolt open lock when empty, facilitating magazine changes. An empty box was easy to reload with loose rounds. However, users complained that it was limited in capacity. In the field, some soldiers would tape two "XX" magazines together, in what would be known equally "jungle style", to quicken magazine changes.^[36]

Two alternatives to the "Fifty" 50-round pulsate and "Twenty" 20-round box magazines were tested December 6, 1941, at Fort Knox, Kentucky. An extended thirty-round box magazine and a xl-round mag, which were made past welding ii 20-round magazines face to face, jungle manner, were tested. The testers considered both superior to either the "XX" box or "L" pulsate. The xxx-round box was approved as the new standard in December 1941 to supplant the "XX" and "L" magazines.^[37] (The concept of welding two box magazines face-to-face was also carried over to the M42 submachine gun.)

M1 development [edit]

The staff of Savage Arms looked for ways to simplify the M1928A1, and produced a epitome in February 1942, which was tested at Aberdeen Proving Ground in March 1942. Ground forces Ordnance approved adoption (every bit the M1) in April 1942. M1s were made by Cruel Arms and by Auto-Ordnance. M1s were issued with the 30-round box magazine and would accept the earlier 20-circular box, but would not accept the pulsate magazine.^[38]

Gainsay use [edit]

German Fallschirmjäger troops in Tunisia with a captured M1928A1 Thompson submachine gun

The Thompson was used in World War II in the hands of Centrolineal troops equally a weapon for scouts, non-deputed officers (corporal, sergeant, and higher), and patrol leaders, too as commissioned officers, tank crewmen, and soldiers performing raids on German positions. In the European theater, the gun was widely utilized in British and Canadian commando units, besides as in the U.South. Army paratrooper and Ranger battalions, where it was issued more oftentimes than in line infantry units because of its high rate of fire and its stopping power, which made it very effective in the kinds of close combat these special operations troops were expected to undertake. Armed forces Constabulary were addicted of it, as were paratroopers, who "borrowed" Thompsons from members of mortar squads for apply on patrols behind enemy lines.^[39] The gun was prized by those lucky plenty to get 1 and proved itself in the shut street fighting that was encountered frequently during the invasion of France. A Swedish variant of the M1928A1, the Kulsprutepistol m/40 (submachine gun, model 40), served in the Swedish Army between 1940 and 1951. Through Lend-Charter, the Soviet Union too received the Thompson, but due to a shortage of appropriate ammunition, its employ was not widespread.^[40]

In the Malayan Campaign, the Burma Campaign and the Pacific Theater, Lend-Lease issue Thompsons were used by the British Regular army, Indian Army, Australian Army infantry and other Democracy forces. They used the Thompson extensively in jungle patrols and ambushes, where it was prized for its firepower, though it was criticized for its hefty weight and poor reliability. Difficulties in supply somewhen led to its replacement in Australian Ground forces units in 1943 by other submachine guns such as the Owen and Austen, and British forces besides largely replaced it with the Sten gun. Thompsons were also given to the Regal Australian Air Force and Royal Australian Navy. New Zealand commando forces initially used Thompsons just switched them for the more reliable, lighter, and more than accurate Owen during the Solomon Islands and Guadalcanal campaigns.^[41] The U.S. Marines also used the Thompson as a limited-consequence weapon, particularly during their later isle assaults. The Thompson was soon found to have limited issue in heavy jungle cover, where the low-velocity .45 bullet would not penetrate nigh minor-diameter copse or protective armor vests. (In 1923, the Army had rejected the .45 Remington–Thompson, which had twice the energy of the .45 ACP).^[42] In the U.S. Regular army, many Pacific State of war jungle patrols were originally equipped with Thompsons in the early phases of the New Guinea and Guadalcanal campaigns, but soon began employing the Browning Automated Rifle in its place equally a point defense force weapon.^[43]

The Army introduced the U.S. M3 and M3A1 submachine guns in 1943 with plans to produce the latter in numbers sufficient to cancel future orders for the Thompson, while gradually withdrawing it from the beginning-line service. Yet, due to unforeseen product delays and requests for modifications, the M3/M3A1 never replaced the Thompson, and purchases continued until Feb 1944. Though the M3 was considerably cheaper to produce, at the end of World War 2, the Thompson, with a total wartime product of over 1.5 one thousand thousand, outnumbered the M3/M3A1 submachine guns in service by almost three to one.^[nineteen]

After World War II [edit]

Two Israeli policemen, armed with Thompsons meet a Jordanian legionnaire nigh the Mandelbaum Gate c.  1950

Thompson submachine guns were used by both sides during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.^[44] Following the war, Thompsons were issued to members of Israel'due south elite Unit of measurement 101, upon the germination of that unit in 1953.^[45]

During the Greek Civil War, the Thompson submachine gun was used by both sides. The Hellenic Armed forces, gendarmerie and law units were equipped with Thompson submachine guns supplied by the British and later in the state of war past the Usa. The opposing Communist fighters of the Autonomous Regular army of Hellenic republic were likewise using Thompson submachine guns, either captured from regime forces or inherited from ELAS. ELAS was the strongest of the resistance forces during the period of Greek Resistance confronting the Germans and Italians and were supplied with artillery from both the British and the United States. Afterward the demobilization of ELAS, an unspecified number of arms were not surrendered to the government but kept hidden, and were subsequently used by the Democratic Army of Greece.^[46]

The Thompson also found service with the KNIL and kingdom of the netherlands Marine Corps during their attempt to retake their quondam colony of Indonesia.^[47] Captured examples were after used by Indonesian forces against Dutch forces^{[ citation needed ]} and during past Indonesian infiltrators during the 1965 Republic of indonesia–Malaysia confrontation.^[48]

Past the time of the Korean War in 1950, the Thompson had seen much use by the U.S. and S Korean war machine, even though the Thompson had been replaced every bit standard-upshot by the M3/M3A1. With huge numbers of guns available in army ordnance arsenals, the Thompson remained classed as Limited Standard or Substitute Standard long subsequently the standardization of the M3/M3A1. Many Thompsons were distributed to the The states-backed Nationalist Chinese armed forces every bit war machine aid before the fall of Chiang Kai-shek's government to Mao Zedong'south communist forces at the terminate of the Chinese Ceremonious War in 1949 (Thompsons had already been widely used throughout China since the 1920s, at a fourth dimension when several Chinese warlords and their military factions running various parts of the fragmented country made purchases of the weapon and and then later produced many local copies). During the Korean State of war, United states of america troops were surprised to encounter communist Chinese troops armed with Thompsons (amongst other captured The states-made Nationalist Chinese and American firearms), especially during unexpected night-time assaults which became a prominent Chinese gainsay tactic in the disharmonize. The gun's power to deliver big quantities of brusque-range automatic assault burn down proved very useful in both defense and attack during the early part of the state of war when it was constantly mobile and shifting back and forth. Many Chinese Thompsons were captured and placed into service with American soldiers and marines for the remaining period of the war.

The Yugoslav Army received 34,000 M1A1 Thompsons during the 1950s equally office of a Usa Armed services Aid to Yugoslavia Agreement. These guns were used during the Yugoslav Wars in the 1990s.^[ten]

During the Cuban Revolution, the Thompson submachine gun was used by both Batista'due south army and Fidel Castro's guerrillas. Both the latter and the Brigade 2506 also used some during the bay of Pigs Invasion.^[49]

During the Vietnam War, some S Vietnamese army units and defense militia were armed with Thompson submachine guns, and a few of these weapons were used past reconnaissance units, advisors, and other American troops. Information technology was partially replaced past the MAC-10, albeit during Vietnam, the fully automatic burn down provided past the M16 made the Thompson less effective than it previously had been. Withal, not only did some U.Southward. soldiers take utilise of them in Vietnam, they encountered them too. The Viet Cong liked the weapon and used both captured models as well every bit manufacturing their own copies in small jungle workshops.^[fifty]

The Australian government destroyed most of their Thompson machine carbines in the 1960s. They shipped their remaining stocks to arm the forces of Lon Nol's Khmer Republic in 1975. They were then captured and used by the Khmer Rouge.

In the conflict in Northern Ireland, known as the Troubles (1969–1998), the Thompson was again used by the Irish Republican paramilitaries. According to historian Peter Hart, "The Thompson remained a central role of both the Official IRA and Provisional IRA arsenals until well into the 1970s when information technology was superseded by the Armalite and the AK-47."^[9]

The Thompson was likewise used by U.Due south. and overseas law enforcement and police forces, most prominently by the FBI. The FBI used Thompsons until they were declared obsolete and ordered destroyed in the early 1970s.^[51]

Collector interest [edit]

Because of their quality and craftsmanship, as well as their gangster-era and WWII connections, Thompsons are sought as collector's items. There were fewer than xl pre-production prototypes. The Colt Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company in Hartford, Connecticut was contracted past the Machine-Ordnance Corporation to industry the initial mass production of 15,000 Thompson Submachine Guns in 1920. An original Filly Model 1921 A or AC, Model 1927 A or Air conditioning, Model 1928 Navy A or Air conditioning, properly registered in working condition with original components can easily fetch from US$25,000 to $45,000+ depending on condition and accessories. For WWII, approximately 1,700,000 Thompson Submachine Guns were produced by Auto-Ordnance and Vicious Arms, with 1,387,134 being the simplified World State of war Ii M1 and M1A1 variants (without the Blish lock and oiling system^[52]).

A Model 1921A believed to accept been endemic by Bonnie and Clyde, merely without historical documentation to substantiate this provenance, sold at sale on January 21, 2012, in Kansas Metropolis for $130,000.^[53]

Features [edit]

Operating characteristics [edit]

Thompson M1928A1, field stripped

Early versions of the Thompson, the Model 1919, had a fairly high cyclic charge per unit of fire, as high equally ane,200 rounds per minute (rpm), with near Model 1921s at 800 rpm. This rate of burn down, combined with a rather heavy trigger pull and a stock with an excessive drop, increases the tendency for the barrel to climb off target in automatic fire.^{[54] [55]} In 1927, the U.S. Navy ordered 500 Thompsons just requested a lower charge per unit of fire. Thompson requested Payne to develop a method of reducing the cyclic rate of fire. Payne then replaced the actuator with 1 that was heavier, and replaced the recoil spring with ane that was stiffer; the changes reduced the rate of fire from 800 to the 600 rpm of the U.Southward. Navy Model 1928. After M1 and M1A1 Thompsons averaged also 600 rpm.^[54] Compared to more modern submachine guns, the Thompson is quite heavy, weighing roughly the aforementioned as the contemporary M1 Garand semi-automatic rifle, and requires a lot of cleaning. This was i of the major complaints about the weapon by U.S. Army personnel to whom it was issued.^[29]

Thompson 1921, field stripped

Although the drum magazine provided significant firepower, in military service information technology was found to be overly heavy and beefy, peculiarly when slung on the shoulder while marching.^[55] The M1928A1 Thompson drum magazine was rather delicate, and cartridges tended to rattle within it, producing unwanted noise.^[56] For these reasons, the twenty-round and after xxx-round box magazines presently proved most pop with military machine users of the M1928A1, and pulsate compatibility was not included in the design of the wartime M1 and M1A1 models. The Thompson was 1 of the earliest submachine guns to incorporate a double-column, staggered-feed box magazine design, which undoubtedly contributed to the gun's reputation for reliability. In addition, the gun performed ameliorate than most after exposure to pelting, dirt, and mud.^[29]

The selective-fire (semi or fully automatic) Thompson fires from the "open up commodities" position, in which the bolt is held fully to rearward by the sear when cocked. When the trigger is depressed, the bolt is released, traveling forward to chamber and simultaneously fire the first and subsequent rounds until either the trigger is released or the ammunition is exhausted. This eliminates the risk of "melt-off", which can sometimes occur in closed-bolt automatic weapons.

Disassembly [edit]

The Thompson submachine gun varies in field strip procedure, depending on the variant. Globe War 2-era M1 variants and RPB models field strip more easily than the M1921.^{[ citation needed ]}

The 1928 variant can be disassembled easily by outset detaching the stock, and then sliding off the lower receiver and so just removing the internal parts, cleaning them, and then putting it back together. When opened upwardly, the Thompson features a small number of parts that demand to be removed including the leap, bolt, Blish Lock, and actuator bolt.

Variants [edit]

Prototypes [edit]

Persuader and Annihilator [edit]

There were two primary experimental models of the Thompson. The Persuader was a belt-fed version developed in 1917/xviii. It was partially congenital, but never completely finished. The Annihilator, serial no. Ver 10 prototypes were similar in appearance to the later models, but without the rear sight and butt stock mounts. The Annihilator prototypes first were fed from a 20-round box mag, just later, the 50- and 100-round drum magazine models were developed.

Model 1919 [edit]

Starting with the Serial no. 11, the Model 1919 takes the final appearance of the later Thompsons with the rear sights and butt stock. The Model 1919 was limited to nigh xl units; the starting time built did not use the drums, as information technology was as well difficult to fire. Many variations accept been noted within this model. The weapons had very high cyclic rates upward to ane,500 rpm.^[eighteen] This was the weapon Brigadier General Thompson demonstrated at Camp Perry in 1920. A number of Model 1919s were made without barrel stocks, rear and forepart sights, simply the last version closely resembled the later Model 1921. This model was designed to "sweep" trenches with bullets. The New York Urban center Police Department was the largest purchaser of the M1919. Some experimental calibers aside from the standard .45 ACP (11.4x23mm) were the .22LR, .32 ACP, .38 ACP, and 9mm.^[27]

.351 WSL variant [edit]

Merely one prototype was fabricated in .351 WSL using a standard 20" barrel which had a ROF of 1000rpm.

Thompson .30 Carbine [edit]

The layout and ergonomics of the Thompson submachine gun were also considered for the role of a Light Rifle before the adoption of the M1 Carbine. An example known every bit the "Calibre .30 Short Burglarize" was based on the M1921/27 variants.^[57] However, information technology was turned down without testing due to logistical issues.^[58]

.30-06 variant [edit]

A .30–06 variant was intended as a rival to the M1918 BAR. It had an extended receiver with a recoil buffer and was fed from twenty-round magazines.^[59]

Product [edit]

Model 1921 [edit]

The Model 1921 (M1921) was the commencement major production model. Fifteen thou were produced by Colt for Auto-Ordnance. In its original design, it was finished more like a sporting weapon, with an adjustable rear sight, a blued, finned butt and vertical foregrip (or pistol grip) and the Blish lock. The M1921 was quite expensive to manufacture, with the original retail cost around $200, because of its loftier-quality forest furniture and finely machined parts. The M1921 was famous throughout its career with police force and criminals and in motion pictures. This model gained fame from its use past criminals during Prohibition, and was nicknamed "tommy gun" past the media.^{[ citation needed ]}

Model 1923 [edit]

The Model 1923 was a heavy submachine gun introduced to potentially expand the Automobile-Ordnance production line and was demonstrated for the U.S. Army. It fired the more powerful .45 Remington–Thompson cartridge which fired a heavier 250 gr (0.57 oz; 16 chiliad) bullet at muzzle velocities of about 1,450 ft/s (440 m/s) and energy virtually 1,170 ft⋅lb (1,590 J), with greater range than the .45 ACP. It introduced a horizontal forearm, improved inline stock for accuracy, 14 in (36 cm) butt, bipod, and bayonet lug. The M1923 was intended to rival the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR), with which the Regular army was already satisfied. The Army did not give the Model 1923 much consideration, so it was non adopted.

Model 1921AC (1926) [edit]

While not a new model in the usual sense of incorporating major changes, in 1926 the Cutts Compensator (a muzzle brake) was offered as an option for the M1921; Thompsons with the compensator were cataloged as No. 21AC at the original price of $200.00, with the plain M1921 designated No. 21A at a reduced cost of $175.00.^[23] The Model 1921 was thereafter referred to equally Model 1921A or Model 1921AC, though some collectors still refer to it as the Model 1921.

Model 1928 [edit]

The Model 1928 was the start type widely used past military machine forces, with the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps as major buyers through the 1930s. The original Model 1928s were Model 1921s with weight added to the actuator, which slowed downwardly the cyclic rate of fire, a Usa Navy requirement. On these guns, the model number "1921" on the receiver was updated by stamping an "viii" over the last "1". The Navy Model 1928 has several names among collectors: the "Colt Overstamp", "1921 Overstamp", "28 Navy", or just "28N".

The 1928 Thompson would be the last small arm adopted past the U.S. Regular army that used a twelvemonth designation in the official nomenclature. With the start of World State of war II, major contracts from several countries saved the manufacturer from bankruptcy. A notable variant of the Model 1928 with an aluminum receiver and tenite grip, buttstock, and forend, was made by Savage.^[lx]

M1928A1 [edit]

The M1928A1 variant entered mass production before the attack on Pearl Harbor, equally on-mitt stocks ran out. Changes included a horizontal forend, in place of the distinctive vertical foregrip ("pistol grip"), and a provision for a armed services sling. Despite new U.S. contracts for Lend-Lease shipments abroad to China, French republic, and the United kingdom, as well as the needs of American military machine, but two factories supplied M1928A1 Thompsons during the early years of World War II. Though information technology could use both the 50-round drum and the 20- or thirty-circular box magazines, active service favored the box magazines every bit the drums were more prone to jamming, rattled when moving, and were too heavy and bulky on long patrols. 562,511 were made. Wartime production variants had a fixed rear sight without the triangular sight guard wings and a non-ribbed barrel, both like those found on the M1/M1A1.

In improver, the Soviet Union received M1928A1s, included as standard equipment with the M3 light tanks obtained through Lend-Lease. These submachine guns were used to a limited extent by the Blood-red Army.^[61]

Some M1928A1 Thompsons were used by the French before and during the Battle of French republic (1940) under the designation "Pistolet-mitrailleur 11 mm 43 (C.45) Thousand. 28 A1."

An M1928A1 with an unusual inline stock, modified with elevated sights to increase accuracy, also was produced. Some Thompsons were built with a folding stock, like to M1A1 Carbines used by Centrolineal tank crews, drivers and paratroopers and submarine raiders.^[62]

Service variants [edit]

Thompson Machine Carbine (TMC) [edit]

In 1940, Commonwealth troops in Egypt and North Africa were issued commercial model Lend-Lease Colt- and Savage-manufactured M1928s. Section leaders carried them instead of pistols or rifles. Many of the Colt models had French-language manuals packed with them as they had been abruptly diverted to England after the fall of France. They soon discovered that the weapon was decumbent to jamming due to sand. To set this, the armorers removed the Blish Lock and replaced it with a hex commodities to proceed the cocking handle and bolt together. The 20-circular Type Xx magazines had their peep-holes welded shut to keep sand out and the 50-round Type Fifty drums were discontinued. Armament was scarce as it was either in pocket-size lots of Lend-Lease commercial ammo or obtained from side by side American troops. It was later replaced by the 9mm Sten gun and Lanchester SMG.

Models used in the Pacific by Australian troops had their sling swivels remounted on the left side to permit information technology to be fired more than easily while prone. A metal sling mountain was fitted to the left side of the wooden buttstock. Ammunition was manufactured in Australia or obtained from adjacent American troops. It was later replaced by the Owen Auto Carbine.

M1 [edit]

Fire Controls on an M1928A1 Thompson. Front end lever is the selector switch, set for full auto.

Responding to a request for further simplification, the M1 was standardized in Apr 1942 equally the U.s.a. Submachine Gun, Cal. .45, M1. Rate of fire was reduced to approximately 600–700 rpm.

First issued in 1943, the M1 uses a elementary blowback operation, with the charging handle moved to the side. The flip-upwards adjustable Lyman rear sight was replaced with a stock-still L sight. Late M1s had triangular guard wings added to the rear L sight, which were standardized on the M1A1. The slots adjoining the magazine well allowing the utilize of a drum magazine were removed. A new magazine catch with the provision for retaining drum magazines removed, was produced, just almost M1s and later M1A1s retained the original. The less expensive and more-hands manufactured "stick" magazines were used exclusively in the M1, with a new xxx-round version joining the familiar 20-circular type. The Cutts compensator, barrel cooling fins, and Blish lock were omitted while the buttstock was permanently affixed. Late production M1 stocks were fitted with reinforcing bolts and washers to prevent splitting of the stock where it attached to the receiver. The British had used improvised bolts or wood screws to reinforce M1928 stocks. The M1 reinforcing commodities and washer were carried over to the M1A1 and retrofitted to many of the M1928A1s in U.S. and British service. Late M1s also had simplified fire control switches, likewise carried over to the M1A1. Certain M1s had problems with high rate of fire climbing up to ~800 RPM. The exact crusade remains unknown, but was resolved with the transition to the M1A1.^[63]

M1A1 [edit]

Both sides of the Thompson M1A1 shown with 30-circular magazine

The M1A1, standardized in October 1942 as the United States Submachine Gun, Cal. .45, M1A1, could be produced in half the fourth dimension of the M1928A1, and at a much lower cost. The main departure betwixt the M1 and M1A1 was the bolt. The M1 bolt had a floating firing pin and hammer, the bolt of the M1A1 had the firing pin machined to the confront of the commodities, eliminating unnecessary parts. The reinforced stock and protective sight wings were standard. The xxx-round magazine became more than common. In 1939, Thompsons toll the government $209 apiece. By the spring of 1942, cost-reduction design changes had brought this down to $seventy. In February 1944, the M1A1 reached a depression price of $45 each, including accessories and spare parts, although the difference in price between the M1 and M1A1 was only $0.06. By the finish of the war, the M1A1 was replaced with the even lower-price M3 (commonly called the "Grease Gun").

Semi-automated [edit]

Model 1927 [edit]

The Model 1927 was the open up commodities semi-automated version of the M1921. It was fabricated by modifying an existing Model 1921, including replacing sure parts. The "Thompson Submachine Gun" inscription was machined over to replace it with "Thompson Semi-Automated Carbine", and the "Model 1921" inscription was also machined over to replace it with "Model 1927." Although the Model 1927 was semi-automatic only, information technology was easily converted to fully automatic by installing a total-auto Model 1921 burn down command grouping (internal parts). Most Model 1927s owned by police accept been converted back to full-car.^[64] The original Model 1927 is classified as a car gun under the National Firearms Act of 1934 (a) by existence "readily convertible" past swapping parts and (b) by a 1982 BATF ruling making all open commodities semi-automatic firearms manufactured after the date of this ruling classified as machine guns.

Model 1927A1 [edit]

The Model 1927A1 is a semi-automatic replica version of the Thompson, originally produced by Motorcar-Ordnance of West Hurley, New York for the civilian collector'southward market from 1974 to 1999. It has been produced since 1999 past Kahr Arms of Worcester, Massachusetts. Information technology is officially known as the "Thompson Semi-Automatic Carbine, Model of 1927A1." The internal blueprint is completely different to operate from the closed commodities and the carbine has a butt length of 16.five in (420 mm) (versus open commodities operation and barrel length of 10.5 in (270 mm) for the fully automatic versions). Under federal regulations, these changes brand the Model 1927A1 legally a burglarize and remove information technology from the federal registry requirements of the National Firearms Human activity. These modernistic versions should not be dislocated with the original semi-automatic M1927, which was a slightly modified M1921 produced past Colt for Machine-Ordnance.

The Model 1927A1 is the semi-automated replica of the Thompson Models of 1921 and 1927. The "Thompson Commando" is a semi-automatic replica of the M1928A1. The Auto-Ordnance replica of the Thompson M1 and M1A1 is known as the TM1, and may be found marked "Thompson Semi-Automatic Carbine, Caliber .45M1".

Model 1927A3 [edit]

The Model 1927A3 is a semi-automatic, .22 caliber version of the Thompson produced past Auto-Ordnance in West Hurley.

Model 1927A5 [edit]

The Model 1927A5 is a semi-automatic, .45 ACP pistol version of the Thompson originally produced past Automobile-Ordnance in West Hurley from the 1970s until the early 1990s or belatedly 1980s. It featured an aluminum receiver to reduce weight. It has since been replaced with the Kahr Arms TA5 Pistol, which features a 10.five" barrel and steel receiver, unlike the 1927A5'southward 13" butt and aluminum receiver.

As per the NFA (National Firearms Deed of 1934), the "1927A5 .45 ACP Pistol" is merely classified equally a "Firearm" (Any type of firearm with an overall length of 26" or greater, that does not accept a buttstock) as information technology neither fits the definition of a Pistol or Rifle under federal law. This categorization also legally allows it to have 1921 or 1928 way foregrip equipped, dissimilar other "pistol style" Thompson variants, without an AOW (Any Other Weapon) Tax Postage.

Auto-Ordnance 1927A5 DOJ BATFE Firearm Classification Letter

1928A1 LTD [edit]

The 1928A1 LTD is a civilian semi-automated conversion by Grand duchy of luxembourg Defense Technology (LuxDefTec) in Luxembourg. They are fabricated from original 1928A1 guns of various appearance (with or without Cutt'southward compensator, ribbed or polish barrels, adaptable or stock-still sights), that were imported Lend-Lease guns from Russia.

Export variants [edit]

BSA Thompsons [edit]

In an attempt to expand involvement and sales overseas, Auto-Ordnance entered into a partnership with and licensed the Birmingham Small Arms Company Express (BSA) in England to produce a European model. These were produced in small quantities and accept a dissimilar advent than the classic style. The BSA 1926 was manufactured in 9mmP and 7.63mm Mauser and were tested past diverse governments, including France, in the mid-1920s. It was never adopted by any military force, and only a pocket-size number were produced.^[65]

RPB Thompsons [edit]

Special purpose variant [edit]

A special purpose motorcar pistol variant of the Thompson is manufactured by RPB Industries of Atlanta.^[66]

Suppressed variant [edit]

A version with a threaded butt for suppressors, side folding stock, and modified sights.

Noncombatant ownership [edit]

Canada [edit]

All variants and modified versions of Thompson submachine guns (fifty-fifty semiautomatic-only versions) are prohibited by proper name in Canada, every bit function of Prohibited Weapons Order No. thirteen in 1995. Consequently, they cannot be legally imported or owned except under very limited circumstances. For example, to own one the person must be "grandfathered" and take endemic one earlier the bill was passed against it. The submachine gun is not grandfathered similar in the U.S., but the owner. The submachine gun can only be sold to other grandfathered individuals; this keeps prices extremely low equally the number of permitted licensed individuals is very small and dwindling with time. Eventually, all prohibited guns will be out of apportionment.^{[67] : Part ane.86 [68]}

United States [edit]

The perceived popularity of submachine guns such as the Thompson with tearing gangsters in the 1920s and 1930s was 1 of the main reasons given for passage of the National Firearms Human activity past the United States Congress in 1934. One of its provisions was that owners of fully automatic firearms were required to register them with the predecessor agency of the mod Bureau of Booze, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). The constabulary also placed restrictions on the possession, transfer, and transport of the weapons.

In that location are several U.Due south. made automatic and semi-automated variants, copies, or replicas. The semi-automated versions are less regulated by federal law.

United Kingdom [edit]

The possession of any fully automated firearm is prohibited in the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland past the Firearms Human action 1968; prohibited firearms can be possessed on a section 5 certificate, but these are not issued for sporting purposes. A fully automatic firearm that has been converted to semi-automatic fire, such as the Model 1927, is prohibited by the Firearms Human action 1988, as is whatever centre-fire purpose-fabricated semi-automatic weapon, such as the Model 1927A1. It is at present finer impossible for a firearm of this type to be legally possessed by a member of the full general public, except in certified deactivated status or where specifically manufactured as a semi-automatic in calibre .22LR.

Federal republic of germany [edit]

The gun, in a government canonical semiautomatic conversion or clone, can legally be owned by hunters and sport shooters. With a design date prior to 1942 it is non considered a "weapon of war." Only the fully automatic version is a prohibited weapon. Equally a long gun, it tin be bought by hunters (even if it cannot be used to actually chase for legal reasons). There are disciplines in authorities approved sport shooting rulebooks that allow this type to be used, therefore the gun can exist bought by sport shooters, too.

Users [edit]

• People's democratic republic of algeria^[69]
• Argentine republic: M1928 and M1 Thompson^[70]
• Bolivia^[71]
• Brazil: Used by the Brazilian forces from WWII^[72] until the mid-1980s.
• British India: Widely used by the Indian Army in the Malayan Entrada,^[73] in the European theatre^[74] and Burma Campaigns
• Canada^[75]
• Cuba^[76]
• People'southward Republic of Mainland china: Unlicensed copies^{[77] [78]}
• Republic of China^[four]
• Croatia^[three]
• Egypt^[79]
• France:^[77] The M1928A1 was used every bit the Pistolet-mitrailleur 11 mm 43 (C.45) M. 28 A1.^[fourscore] The M1A1 was too used.^[81]
• Greece: Used by Greek armed forces, resistance fighters, Gendarmerie and law units during World State of war II and immediately postwar period.^{[46] [82]}
• Guatemala^[83]
• Republic of haiti^[84]
• Iraq: Iraqi insurgents^[11]
• Regal Land of Iran: Used by the Imperial Iranian Guard Units, first saw action during the Iran crisis of 1946.^[85]
• Israel:^[45]
• Italy: Captured examples pressed into use past the Italian Army prior to September 8, 1943.^[86] Also supplied to partisans and to the Italian Co-belligerent Army.^[87] Later the war, it was generally issued to Italian Air Strength troopers^[88] and the Carabinieri.^[89]
• Nippon: Were used in some quantities by the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Strength^{[90] [ unreliable source? ]}
• Hashemite kingdom of jordan^[7]
• Kingdom of Laos: Limited received past U.S government and used during the First Indochina War and Vietnam War.^[91]
• Grand duchy of luxembourg: M1A1 in service 1952–1967, replaced past Uzi.^[92]
• Malaysia^[8]
• The Netherlands: In early World War II, at least 3,680 Thompsons caused through Lend-Charter^[23]
• New Zealand: M1928 and M1928A1^[93]
• Nicaragua:^[94] The Nicaraguan National Baby-sit received M1928A1s and some were captured by Sandino's rebels.^[95]
• N Korea: Chinese-made Thompsons used by the Korean People's Army in the Korean State of war.^[96]
• North Vietnam: Unlicensed copies.^[77] Used past Viet Minh in the First Indochina State of war.^[five]
• Poland: Used by the Smooth Armed services in the Westward during WWII^[97] and by resistance fighters during the Warsaw Uprising (from supply drops)
• Portugal: Small number bought for constabulary use, designated m/1928^[98]
• Somalia^[99]
• Southward Vietnam^[3]
• Soviet Union^[100]
• Sweden^[101]
• United Kingdom. Beginning issued to the GHQ Liaison Unit ('Phantom') in Feb 1940, in accelerate of chief War Function contracts.^[102]
• The states: Employed by the United States Marine Corps^[27] and by the Us Ground forces 1938,^[103] including paratroops in Earth State of war II.
• Vietnam Used by Viet Cong during Vietnam State of war.^[104]
• Venezuela^[105]
• Yugoslavia^[x]

Non-state groups [edit]

• The Provisional IRA and Official IRA used the 1921 variant, mainly during the early 1960s to 1970s.^{[106] [107]}
• The Angry Brigade^[108]
• Azerbaijan People's Regime^[85]
• Afghan Mujahideen^[109]

Run across also [edit]

• List of U.Southward. Regular army weapons by supply catalog designation SNL A-32

References [edit]

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Bibliography [edit]

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• Loma, Tracie L. (1996). Thompson: The American Fable. Collector Course Publications.
• Loma, Tracie L. (2009). The Ultimate Thompson Book. Collector Grade Publications.
• Hogg, Ian V. and Weeks, John. (1989). Armed services Small Artillery of the 20th Century. DBI Books Inc.
• Huon, Jean. (1995). Les pistolets-mitrailleurs Thompson. Barnett Editions, also Editions Crepin-LeBlond.
• Iannamico, Frank (2000). American Thunder: The Military Thompson Submachine Gun. Moose Lake Publishing.
• Iannamico, Frank. (2003). "The Filly Thompson Submachine Gun". The Shotgun News Treasury Issue Volume 4. Primedia Publishing
• Iannamico, Frank. (2004). American Thunder Ii: The Armed services Thompson Submachine Gun. Moose Lake Publishing.
• Iannamico, Frank. (2004). Us Submachine Guns. Moose Lake Publishing.
• Johnson, Melvin M. and Haven, Charles J. (1941). Automatic Artillery. William Morrow and Co.
• Linton, Peter. The Machinist's Guide to the Thompson Submachine Gun (2012) Gun Bear witness Books Publishing ISBN 978-0-9787086-ii-7
• Nelson, Thomas B. (1963). The World's Submachine Guns, Volume I. International Small Artillery Publishers.
• Pegler, Martin (2010). The Thompson Submachine Gun: From Prohibition Chicago to World War II. Weapon 1. Osprey Publishing. ISBN9781849081498.
• (in Portuguese) Olive, Ronaldo. (1996). Guia Internacional de Submetralhadoras. Editora Magnum Ltda.
• (in Greek) Sazanidis, Christos (1995). Τα όπλα των Ελλήνων [Arms of the Greeks] (in Greek). Thessaloniki (Greece): Maiandros. ISBN978-960-90213-0-2.
• Sharpe, Philip B. "The Thompson Sub-Car Gun (in Police Science)" Periodical of Criminal Constabulary and Criminology (1931–1951), Vol. 23, No. 6. (Mar. - Apr., 1933), pp. 1098–1114.
• Smith, Charles H. A brief story of Auto-Ordnance Company.
• Smith, Joseph E. (1969). Small Arms of the World (11 ed.). Harrisburg, PA: The Stackpole Visitor. ISBN9780811715669.
• "Sturmgewehr!" by R. Blake Stevens Collector Grade Publications (2004). Thompsons(!) in Weimar Germany ISBN 0889353565, 9780889353565
• Weeks, John. (1980). World War II Small-scale Arms. Galahad Books.
• Wilson, R.K. (1943). Textbook of Automatic Pistols. Modest Arms Technical Publishing Company.
• Yenne, Nib (2009). Tommy Gun: How Full general Thompson'south Submachine Gun Wrote History . New York: St. Martin's Printing. ISBN978-0-312-38326-8. (340 pages; contains black-and-white photographs and illustrations).

External links [edit]

• Motorcar Ordnance
• The Official Thompson Collectors Association Page
• "Thompson Submachine Gun: Principles of Performance 1943" on YouTube

Us Model 1928 Thompson Submachinegun Airsoft Drummag Doesnt Work

Posted by: connerclefrotion78.blogspot.com

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